SELAMAT IDUL FITRI
MOHON MAAF DALAM LAHIR DAN BATHIN
ATAS SEGALA DOSA DAN KHILAF
YANG TERANTUK DAN TERSENGAJA
SEMOGA BARAKAH RAMADHAN TERUS MENYERTAI KITA DI MASA MENDATANG AMIN
Sunday, October 22, 2006
Happy Idul Fitri...
SELAMAT IDUL FITRI
MOHON MAAF DALAM LAHIR DAN BATHIN
ATAS SEGALA DOSA DAN KHILAF
YANG TERANTUK DAN TERSENGAJA
SEMOGA BARAKAH RAMADHAN TERUS MENYERTAI KITA DI MASA MENDATANG AMIN
Friday, October 13, 2006
No Potluck Party in Indonesia
When my friend from Indonesia received on invitation to a potluck party from her friend, she was confused what potluck party was. She needed to ask someone to explore it. For her, potluck party is a new thing because in Indonesia they did not have a potluck party tradition.
In fact, Indonesia has many parties, such as kemantenan (wedding party), perpisahan (farewell party), ulang tahun (birthday party), kelahiran (birth party), kehamilan (pregnancy party), kematian (death party) so on.
In Indonesia, when somebody invites to a party, he should provide everything such as food and place. Moreover, food for party is not only to be eaten at the party place, but also given to guests to take home. Consequently, the party organizer must make a lot of food; also, spend much money.
To illustrate, to make one party the owner can use from 500 rupiah (Rp.) to Rp. 1 juta ($ 100). Indeed, amount of this money is very high because you can survive on it one whole month. Thus, only the rich persons can throw a party.
In contrast, Americans’ tradition has a good way of making a party. People invited should bring the food that they want, and the owner only provides the place, and also little food. It is a good idea since they can share everything. Therefore, the organizer does not spend much money. From this case, we know why Americans are party-happy because they do not need much money to invite people. In addition, they are able to be happy with each other.
Indonesian people should learn about it from Americans so that Indonesians can create many parties. On the other hand, they are still able to save money. In fact, many international students from many countries who live in Hawaii like potluck parties because they can eat some food from different countries. In short, a potluck party has three important things: they are simple, make people happy, and save money.
Ninik
HELP Class
Publishing a Newspaper
In fact, Indonesia has many parties, such as kemantenan (wedding party), perpisahan (farewell party), ulang tahun (birthday party), kelahiran (birth party), kehamilan (pregnancy party), kematian (death party) so on.
In Indonesia, when somebody invites to a party, he should provide everything such as food and place. Moreover, food for party is not only to be eaten at the party place, but also given to guests to take home. Consequently, the party organizer must make a lot of food; also, spend much money.
To illustrate, to make one party the owner can use from 500 rupiah (Rp.) to Rp. 1 juta ($ 100). Indeed, amount of this money is very high because you can survive on it one whole month. Thus, only the rich persons can throw a party.
In contrast, Americans’ tradition has a good way of making a party. People invited should bring the food that they want, and the owner only provides the place, and also little food. It is a good idea since they can share everything. Therefore, the organizer does not spend much money. From this case, we know why Americans are party-happy because they do not need much money to invite people. In addition, they are able to be happy with each other.
Indonesian people should learn about it from Americans so that Indonesians can create many parties. On the other hand, they are still able to save money. In fact, many international students from many countries who live in Hawaii like potluck parties because they can eat some food from different countries. In short, a potluck party has three important things: they are simple, make people happy, and save money.
Ninik
HELP Class
Publishing a Newspaper
Sexual Abuse against Women
Have you heard of sexual abuse in UH? Do you believe that sexual abuse happens in international student housing in UH? What would you do if you are a target of sexual abuse? Sometimes, we do not believe that sexual abuse can happen at campus, particularly in student housing, but this accident can occur to anyone, anywhere, and anytime.
According to the federal government’s website, sexual abuse is any type of sexual activity that you do not agree to. Indeed, sexual abuse or sometimes sexual harassment often is directed at women. Maybe not everyone knows that sexual abuse happens at UH because the victims on occasion do not want to talk about it in public. In fact, victims prefers to keep this problem with themselves. In any case, women are shy to tell with each other since they think that sexual abuse is shame, and should be held in reserve. Evidently, society always has perspective that women are cause of sexual abuse. Thus, women are worry if they will be ostracized by their society. Although the society does not know what the reason of this incident is.
I think sexual abuse transpires because of many causes. First, women always are seen to be weak persons, so women did not have chance to choice. Definitely, this condition makes women reserved. Moreover, women’s power is less than men is. Could you image if woman is grabbed from behind by man, she cannot release although she attempts to break free.
In addition, it’s my opinion that almost all men have negative sexual perspectives. For example, when men look at a beautiful girl who walks in front of them, they certainly will stare at her. On the contrary, women can control their desire. Actually, men and women have same desire, but differences are in how they express their desires. Thus, sexual abuse occurs because many people cannot manage their desires, and they think impulsively.
Another cause is laws for sexual abuse. In fact, many countries did not have laws that tell about punishment of sexual abuse. The lack of these laws allows sexual abuse to happen. If the punishment of sexual abuse is low, person committing of violence never is afraid to do it again. This rule is not only in law of government but also in norms of society. To illustrate, my point I will describe members of Dani ethnic group of Indonesia. Men in this ethnic group only use koteka (penis sheath), and women wear skirt of leaves, yet in their society sexual violence against women never occurs. It is because common rules there are very strict. Punishment is very important to prevent sexual abuse.
Finally, I believe the big cause is culture. In truth, culture influences how people view women and how they treat women. If some cultures give respect for women, people will be good and respectful toward women too; and the impression is that women never become victims of sexual abuse. Therefore, culture is influential in allowing and preventing sexual abuse against women.
Overall, sexual abuse can happen to anyone, anywhere and anytime. Indeed, sexual abuse has many causes from external factor and individual factor, such as culture, rule, and view of women. What can you do to prevent sexual abuse from happening? First of all, you should lock your room’s door. Second, you not ever trust anyone. If you are a victim of sexual abuse, you should talk with somebody who can help you.
Ninik
HELP Class
Publising a Newspaper
According to the federal government’s website, sexual abuse is any type of sexual activity that you do not agree to. Indeed, sexual abuse or sometimes sexual harassment often is directed at women. Maybe not everyone knows that sexual abuse happens at UH because the victims on occasion do not want to talk about it in public. In fact, victims prefers to keep this problem with themselves. In any case, women are shy to tell with each other since they think that sexual abuse is shame, and should be held in reserve. Evidently, society always has perspective that women are cause of sexual abuse. Thus, women are worry if they will be ostracized by their society. Although the society does not know what the reason of this incident is.
I think sexual abuse transpires because of many causes. First, women always are seen to be weak persons, so women did not have chance to choice. Definitely, this condition makes women reserved. Moreover, women’s power is less than men is. Could you image if woman is grabbed from behind by man, she cannot release although she attempts to break free.
In addition, it’s my opinion that almost all men have negative sexual perspectives. For example, when men look at a beautiful girl who walks in front of them, they certainly will stare at her. On the contrary, women can control their desire. Actually, men and women have same desire, but differences are in how they express their desires. Thus, sexual abuse occurs because many people cannot manage their desires, and they think impulsively.
Another cause is laws for sexual abuse. In fact, many countries did not have laws that tell about punishment of sexual abuse. The lack of these laws allows sexual abuse to happen. If the punishment of sexual abuse is low, person committing of violence never is afraid to do it again. This rule is not only in law of government but also in norms of society. To illustrate, my point I will describe members of Dani ethnic group of Indonesia. Men in this ethnic group only use koteka (penis sheath), and women wear skirt of leaves, yet in their society sexual violence against women never occurs. It is because common rules there are very strict. Punishment is very important to prevent sexual abuse.
Finally, I believe the big cause is culture. In truth, culture influences how people view women and how they treat women. If some cultures give respect for women, people will be good and respectful toward women too; and the impression is that women never become victims of sexual abuse. Therefore, culture is influential in allowing and preventing sexual abuse against women.
Overall, sexual abuse can happen to anyone, anywhere and anytime. Indeed, sexual abuse has many causes from external factor and individual factor, such as culture, rule, and view of women. What can you do to prevent sexual abuse from happening? First of all, you should lock your room’s door. Second, you not ever trust anyone. If you are a victim of sexual abuse, you should talk with somebody who can help you.
Ninik
HELP Class
Publising a Newspaper
Gender Equality in Education
Gender equality particularly in education is still considered as a problem in Indonesia. Adam Kamguian at a seminar held by Save the Children in Stockholm on 5 October 2001 said, “Few would deny that education is one of the most important cornerstones of all human society” (“Islam”). Although education is recognized as a cornerstone of human society, many women are still denied their right to education in patriarchal societies such as Indonesia. This view is related to culture and religious doctrine. In my opinion, Indonesian women should get their right in education, such as to continue their study and decide their education in the future.
In traditional gender rules, women only have responsibility to keep house, for example, cooking, cleaning and serve their spouse, so they did not need to get good education. According to the story of interviewee, shehas two sisters and seven brothers. Indeed, she and her sisters have same condition in study. She got married at 13 years old after she graduated from elementary school. Her young sister must married to 18 years old and another sister was luckier, because she can study in high school after that, her parent sent her to learning in Islamic boarding school and she got married at 21 years old. In fact, she wants to continue her study, but her parent had vision that woman just has responsibility to keep house, so she did not need to join school. Nevertheless, all of her brothers could follow study in university and two of them graduated from Middle East (Yemen and Iraq). In contrast, women ability influences their children. Gustavo Angeles et al writes that higher ability women, for example, might be more likely to continue in school, and even in the absence of additional schooling, they would be better able to provide a safe and sanitary environment for their children, which in turn would reduce the probability of their children dying (“The Effects”). In addition, Engendering Development World Bank got result of research in 2001 of 40 countries that level of women’s education could decrease children dying (“Kesejahteraan”). Therefore, when women have high level of education, they can get more information to preserve their children. For example, if mother only graduated from elementary school, possibility that child mortality is more increase than mother graduated from high school.
Many interpreters, who is somebody has knowledge to interpretation Koran and Muhammad’s tradition, said that women have not opportunity to study. This opportunity include to deciding wherever they will study and what major of study they will join. According to a true story of interviewee, he has only one sister and five brothers; also, he is the eldest children in his family. He said that if his family had problem, his parent always asked about his opinion. For example, he and his parents discussed deciding where his sister will continue her study after graduated from elementary school, so his sister never has chance to deciding wherever she will study and what major she would join. Not only in study but also in daily his sister always is took care from her sibling and her parents. Actually, Islam keeps pluralism always, so Islam never prohibits women to not only access in education but also join with their society and Islam support it fully (“Education”). According to Princess Sarvant, “The religion is unequivocal. Islam fully encourages the education and well-being of girls, and the prophet Muhammad took every opportunity to make a favorable comment regarding the status of women (“Education”). In the other words, in Prophet Muhammad’s tradition, he always gave chance to developing in education, for not only men but also women, too. Muhammad said that searching for knowledge was the duty of every believer (“Education”).
In my opinion, all of genders have same right, especially in education. Indeed, women should have good intelligence, if they want their children becoming smart. Women have more time to accompany their children and teaching them. When women did not have capability to give good knowledge their children, of course, their children’s did not get anything from their mother. In addition, women should be aware what they want to do in the future, so they can decide what and where they will study; also, Islam always supports everybody to achieve her/his goal in the study. If many people still look at that Islam never allows women to study, it affects to traditional interpreter view. In fact, they are very exclusively to looking at Islamic doctrine and almost all of them are men. For me, every interpretation is depend on its interpreter, such as what the purpose of interpreter is, what the education background is; also political situation can influence, too. Thus, we cannot receive all of interpretation generally. Indeed, Islam never differs men and women, so all of bodies are equal. The difference between someone and each other is only in her/his adherence for God. In short, right of women should be given education.
In traditional gender rules, women only have responsibility to keep house, for example, cooking, cleaning and serve their spouse, so they did not need to get good education. According to the story of interviewee, shehas two sisters and seven brothers. Indeed, she and her sisters have same condition in study. She got married at 13 years old after she graduated from elementary school. Her young sister must married to 18 years old and another sister was luckier, because she can study in high school after that, her parent sent her to learning in Islamic boarding school and she got married at 21 years old. In fact, she wants to continue her study, but her parent had vision that woman just has responsibility to keep house, so she did not need to join school. Nevertheless, all of her brothers could follow study in university and two of them graduated from Middle East (Yemen and Iraq). In contrast, women ability influences their children. Gustavo Angeles et al writes that higher ability women, for example, might be more likely to continue in school, and even in the absence of additional schooling, they would be better able to provide a safe and sanitary environment for their children, which in turn would reduce the probability of their children dying (“The Effects”). In addition, Engendering Development World Bank got result of research in 2001 of 40 countries that level of women’s education could decrease children dying (“Kesejahteraan”). Therefore, when women have high level of education, they can get more information to preserve their children. For example, if mother only graduated from elementary school, possibility that child mortality is more increase than mother graduated from high school.
Many interpreters, who is somebody has knowledge to interpretation Koran and Muhammad’s tradition, said that women have not opportunity to study. This opportunity include to deciding wherever they will study and what major of study they will join. According to a true story of interviewee, he has only one sister and five brothers; also, he is the eldest children in his family. He said that if his family had problem, his parent always asked about his opinion. For example, he and his parents discussed deciding where his sister will continue her study after graduated from elementary school, so his sister never has chance to deciding wherever she will study and what major she would join. Not only in study but also in daily his sister always is took care from her sibling and her parents. Actually, Islam keeps pluralism always, so Islam never prohibits women to not only access in education but also join with their society and Islam support it fully (“Education”). According to Princess Sarvant, “The religion is unequivocal. Islam fully encourages the education and well-being of girls, and the prophet Muhammad took every opportunity to make a favorable comment regarding the status of women (“Education”). In the other words, in Prophet Muhammad’s tradition, he always gave chance to developing in education, for not only men but also women, too. Muhammad said that searching for knowledge was the duty of every believer (“Education”).
In my opinion, all of genders have same right, especially in education. Indeed, women should have good intelligence, if they want their children becoming smart. Women have more time to accompany their children and teaching them. When women did not have capability to give good knowledge their children, of course, their children’s did not get anything from their mother. In addition, women should be aware what they want to do in the future, so they can decide what and where they will study; also, Islam always supports everybody to achieve her/his goal in the study. If many people still look at that Islam never allows women to study, it affects to traditional interpreter view. In fact, they are very exclusively to looking at Islamic doctrine and almost all of them are men. For me, every interpretation is depend on its interpreter, such as what the purpose of interpreter is, what the education background is; also political situation can influence, too. Thus, we cannot receive all of interpretation generally. Indeed, Islam never differs men and women, so all of bodies are equal. The difference between someone and each other is only in her/his adherence for God. In short, right of women should be given education.
Women in America and Indonesia
“We cannot make poverty history until women enjoy their full social, cultural, economic, and political rights,” Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director of the United Nations Population Fund, said (ABCNews). Her statement simply describes that women have many problems. In fact, UNFP is passing along the borders on country and culture. Diversity in any country can have lead to various problems faced by women. For example, women in America and Indonesia may have different and or similar problems. It is interesting to discuss it because America is a totally free country. On the contrary, Indonesia is still keeping its patriarchal tradition. This condition can influence differences and similarities on women’s conditions for both countries.
Overall, women in America and Indonesia are having similar responsibilities in the family, as it holds true with taking care of their children. To illustrate, when children are still young, their mothers would accompany wherever they go and look after for whatever necessity they have. Another example, women take charge of house chores such as cleaning, cooking, washing. Generally, keeping housework is women’s main responsibility most countries.
Conditional distinctions between women in America and Indonesia are in many cases, as in education, religion, and culture. First of all is education. Indeed, in education American women are highly literate than Indonesian women. For example, American women have the same opportunity to continue their studies as men do. Moreover, they could decide where they will study, and what major they will pursue. In comparison, Indonesian women have follow what their family chooses for them; not only on where they will study but also on what department they will apply. In fact, dichotomies between men and women in education still happen. To demonstrate, many departments are prohibited for women despite of only implicit, for example, engineering or everything that relates to the machine because it is unusual for women to have this type of work. Women should work in a clean and soft place. In this case, Indonesian men have more opportunities to go to school.
Religion gives affectation for women too. At this point, American women are weaker in keeping up with their religion. Sometimes, they do not care about religion, and in extreme, they do not believe in God. So, in ways of their life, religion is not influenced by their life. Of course, they always feel free, and never think about religious doctrine. Unlike American women, Indonesian women always view that religion is one part of their life. They are very strong to keep religious doctrine. For instance, before they do something, they always think whether it is prohibited or not in religion, so everything they will do is in consonance with the norms of religion. Consequently, they feel not free at all because religion is always in their hearts and minds.
Certainly, America with western culture differs with Indonesia that follows eastern culture. Western culture offers freedom for women to become open minded in many things. As an illustration, women in America have space to be active in public area and in society specially in politics and business. In addition, they are fully encouraged to express what they want to do. Because of this situation, American women can bargain their position in their society, and they get their rights. Meanwhile, eastern culture is more secret and strict in women. Indeed, most of Indonesian people have a view that women should always stay in home and be prohibited to work or be active in outside. To illustrate, when they spend much time working outside, they are viewed to be a bad mother, and do not have good responsibility. Another example, women in Indonesia could not consider their life because their family, particularly their father and their brother, have to decide in all of their ways of life, such as their husband candidate, their education, their plans for the future. Of course, from this case, women do not have good bargain position in their family, also, in their society.
Religion is basic of all dissimilarities and similarities among women. Definitely, religion influences not only in transcendent relationship but also with profaned relationship. As a result, every way of life is inside of religion doctrine. However, we should separate between religion doctrine and religion interpretation. Actually, core of religion doctrine is alike. The difference is only in interpretation. In fact, every interpretation depends on its interpreter, such as what the purpose of the interpreter is, what his educational background is; and political situation too. For example, the view of Islam about education and society for women, actually, Islam keeps pluralism always, so Islam never prohibits women to not only access education but also join with their society and Islam supports it fully (“Education”). According to Princess Sarvant, “The religion is unequivocal. Islam fully encourages the education and well-being of girls, and the prophet Muhammad took every opportunity to make a favorable comment regarding the status of women (“Education”). In other words, in Prophet Muhammad’s tradition, he always gave a chance to develop education not only among men but also for women too. Muhammad said that searching for knowledge was the duty of every believer (“Education”).
In conclusion, education, religion, and culture women in America and Indonesia have both similarities and dissimilarities. From this case, we can know that women in every country have problems that depend on their situation.
Ninik
NICE Program
Overall, women in America and Indonesia are having similar responsibilities in the family, as it holds true with taking care of their children. To illustrate, when children are still young, their mothers would accompany wherever they go and look after for whatever necessity they have. Another example, women take charge of house chores such as cleaning, cooking, washing. Generally, keeping housework is women’s main responsibility most countries.
Conditional distinctions between women in America and Indonesia are in many cases, as in education, religion, and culture. First of all is education. Indeed, in education American women are highly literate than Indonesian women. For example, American women have the same opportunity to continue their studies as men do. Moreover, they could decide where they will study, and what major they will pursue. In comparison, Indonesian women have follow what their family chooses for them; not only on where they will study but also on what department they will apply. In fact, dichotomies between men and women in education still happen. To demonstrate, many departments are prohibited for women despite of only implicit, for example, engineering or everything that relates to the machine because it is unusual for women to have this type of work. Women should work in a clean and soft place. In this case, Indonesian men have more opportunities to go to school.
Religion gives affectation for women too. At this point, American women are weaker in keeping up with their religion. Sometimes, they do not care about religion, and in extreme, they do not believe in God. So, in ways of their life, religion is not influenced by their life. Of course, they always feel free, and never think about religious doctrine. Unlike American women, Indonesian women always view that religion is one part of their life. They are very strong to keep religious doctrine. For instance, before they do something, they always think whether it is prohibited or not in religion, so everything they will do is in consonance with the norms of religion. Consequently, they feel not free at all because religion is always in their hearts and minds.
Certainly, America with western culture differs with Indonesia that follows eastern culture. Western culture offers freedom for women to become open minded in many things. As an illustration, women in America have space to be active in public area and in society specially in politics and business. In addition, they are fully encouraged to express what they want to do. Because of this situation, American women can bargain their position in their society, and they get their rights. Meanwhile, eastern culture is more secret and strict in women. Indeed, most of Indonesian people have a view that women should always stay in home and be prohibited to work or be active in outside. To illustrate, when they spend much time working outside, they are viewed to be a bad mother, and do not have good responsibility. Another example, women in Indonesia could not consider their life because their family, particularly their father and their brother, have to decide in all of their ways of life, such as their husband candidate, their education, their plans for the future. Of course, from this case, women do not have good bargain position in their family, also, in their society.
Religion is basic of all dissimilarities and similarities among women. Definitely, religion influences not only in transcendent relationship but also with profaned relationship. As a result, every way of life is inside of religion doctrine. However, we should separate between religion doctrine and religion interpretation. Actually, core of religion doctrine is alike. The difference is only in interpretation. In fact, every interpretation depends on its interpreter, such as what the purpose of the interpreter is, what his educational background is; and political situation too. For example, the view of Islam about education and society for women, actually, Islam keeps pluralism always, so Islam never prohibits women to not only access education but also join with their society and Islam supports it fully (“Education”). According to Princess Sarvant, “The religion is unequivocal. Islam fully encourages the education and well-being of girls, and the prophet Muhammad took every opportunity to make a favorable comment regarding the status of women (“Education”). In other words, in Prophet Muhammad’s tradition, he always gave a chance to develop education not only among men but also for women too. Muhammad said that searching for knowledge was the duty of every believer (“Education”).
In conclusion, education, religion, and culture women in America and Indonesia have both similarities and dissimilarities. From this case, we can know that women in every country have problems that depend on their situation.
Ninik
NICE Program
Thursday, October 12, 2006
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